The Evolving Landscape of Terahertz Biosensing: From Sensitivity to Precision

Area of Science:

• Biophysics
• Spectroscopy
• Materials Science

Background:

• Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for biomacromolecule detection due to its sensitivity to molecular fingerprints.
• THz biosensing platforms excel at identifying molecular rotational and vibrational states for high-precision analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• This review highlights recent advancements in THz biosensing platforms.
• It focuses on spectroscopy interpretation, machine learning integration, and practical applications.

Main Methods:

• Overview of common THz equipment and metamaterials.
• Discussion of spectroscopy interpretation strategies: refractive index sensing and molecular fingerprint recognition.
• Summary of machine learning methods applied to THz spectral analysis.

Main Results:

• Integration of spectroscopy interpretation, clinical applications, and technological advancements.
• Emphasis on constructing standardized THz-based biosensing workflows.
• Demonstration of THz biosensing's potential for precise, label-free biomacromolecule interaction analysis.

Conclusions:

• THz biosensing platforms hold immense potential to revolutionize molecular detection.
• They enable breakthroughs in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and biochemical research.
• Advancements pave the way for precise, label-free, and highly sensitive biomacromolecule analysis.