Amine-Salt-Assisted Solution Crystallization of Inorganic Perovskite Single Crystals for High-Performance X-Ray...

Inorganic perovskite CsPbCl₃ single crystals (SCs) are promising for stable and high-performance X-ray detection due to their high X-ray absorption, superior optoelectronic properties, and superior chemical and thermal stability. However, the size of CsPbCl₃ SCs grown via low-energy-consumption solution methods remains limited to below 1 mm, primarily because of the limited solubility of raw materials in solvents and the lack of effective growth techniques. In this work, an amine-salt-assisted solution crystallization strategy is developed to grow high-quality CsPbCl₃ SCs with size up to 15 mm. This significant size improvement is enabled by a 13-fold increase in precursor solubility, achieved by constructing hydrogen bond interactions between the amine salt and insoluble raw materials. Consequently, the SCs exhibit high μτ product (6.3 × 10^-3 cm² V^-1), low trap density (2.9 × 10¹⁰ cm^-3), and large resistivity (1.7 × 10⁹ Ω cm). Therefore, the SC detectors achieve a record-high sensitivity of 76,624 μC Gy^-1 cm^-2 and a low detection limit of 47.9 nGy s^-1 even under low bias voltages, enabling high contrast X-ray imaging. This ingenious and executable low-temperature solution crystallization strategy combined with superior X-ray detection performance makes CsPbCl₃ SCs promising to advance the low-cost development of safe radiation detection systems.