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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
11:49

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application

Published on: March 8, 2019

Self-Recoverable, Energy-Dissipating, and Healable Chain-Extended Supramolecular Polyurethanes and

Alarqam Z Tareq1,2, Matthew Hyder1, Peihao Song3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DX, U.K.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New elastomers with dual dynamic bonding mechanisms offer superior impact protection. These materials exhibit rapid self-healing and excellent energy dissipation, ideal for advanced protective systems.

Keywords:
disulfidedynamic covalent networkenergy dissipationself-healingshape memorysupramolecular polyurethane

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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli
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A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
11:49

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application

Published on: March 8, 2019

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli
07:15

A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli

Published on: December 11, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Impact protection materials require efficient energy absorption, dissipation, light weight, flexibility, and comfort.
  • Adaptive dynamic networks offer a promising strategy to meet these demanding criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel chain-extended supramolecular polyurethane and poly(urethane-urea) elastomers.
  • To utilize dual dynamic bonding mechanisms (hydrogen bonding and disulfide units) for enhanced material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of supramolecular elastomers incorporating hydrogen bonding and disulfide dynamic bonds.
  • Characterization of material properties including self-recoverability, elastic recovery, and energy dissipation under compression.

Main Results:

  • The optimum elastomer demonstrated excellent self-recoverability (91% and 99% after short relaxation times).
  • Achieved high elastic recovery (77 ± 0.3%) and significant energy dissipation (235,000 J m⁻³) at 80% deformation.
  • Materials exhibited rapid autonomous healing and property recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Combining noncovalent interactions and dynamic covalent bonding creates advanced elastomers.
  • These elastomers offer a pathway to impact-resistant systems with rapid healing and superior energy dissipation capabilities.