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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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The Ritz Adjoint Method for MRI Pulse Design.

John M Drago, Georgy D Guryev, Nicolas Arango

    IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
    |July 1, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    High-field MRI pulse design is accelerated using a global waveform basis, enabling rapid, subject-specific radiofrequency (RF) and gradient waveform optimization for improved imaging. This method significantly speeds up tailored pulse design, making advanced MRI feasible in real-time.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Physics

    Background:

    • High-field MRI faces challenges with magnetic field inhomogeneities and patient-specific variations.
    • Current methods for designing tailored excitation pulses are computationally intensive and slow for real-time customization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a faster method for designing subject-specific radiofrequency (RF) and gradient waveforms for high-field MRI.
    • To improve the efficiency and feasibility of real-time, customized pulse optimization in MRI.

    Main Methods:

    • Representing RF and gradient waveforms using a global Chebyshev polynomial basis to reduce optimization variables.
    • Utilizing the adjoint method for efficient computation of derivatives with respect to basis coefficients.
    • Implementing GPU acceleration for derivative calculations and enforcing system/safety constraints.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a 5- to 10-fold speedup in subject-specific pulse optimization for non-selective excitations.
    • Demonstrated comparable speed gains for slice-selective pulse designs.
    • Enabled real-time, subject-specific optimization for advanced MRI pulse types.

    Conclusions:

    • A global waveform basis approach significantly accelerates tailored excitation pulse design in high-field MRI.
    • This method enhances the practicality of real-time, subject-specific MRI pulse optimization.
    • The findings pave the way for more advanced and personalized MRI applications.