Periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) system and components: Potential for exploring the periodontal systemic...

Area of Science:

• Periodontology
• Systemic Inflammation
• Biomarker Correlation

Background:

• Periodontal disease poses a significant inflammatory burden.
• The Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) quantifies this burden.
• Investigating the periodontal-systemic interface is crucial for understanding disease links.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) as a tool for assessing periodontal inflammation.
• To determine the correlation between PISA and systemic inflammation markers, specifically C-reactive protein (CRP).
• To compare PISA's effectiveness with other periodontal measures in reflecting systemic inflammation.

Main Methods:

• Utilized data from the Buffalo OsteoPerio cross-sectional study (n=713 post-menopausal women).
• Measured full-mouth periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bleeding (MB).
• Assessed serum and saliva C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.

Main Results:

• Increased severity of periodontitis correlated with higher MB, CAL, PPD, PISA, and CRP levels.
• PISA showed weak correlations with both saliva and serum CRP.
• Marginal bleeding extent demonstrated a more consistent, albeit weak, correlation with CRP compared to PISA.

Conclusions:

• Marginal bleeding extent correlates more consistently with C-reactive protein than PISA.
• PISA is not supported as a clinical tool for evaluating periodontal inflammation's systemic interface.
• Gingival bleeding extent may be a more practical indicator for exploring the periodontal-systemic link.