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Characterisation of scattered transient infrasonic wavefields combining array and single-sensor measures.

Jack-Andrew Smith¹, David N Green², Stuart E J Nippress²

¹School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, United Kingdom.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|July 1, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Infrasound scattering by atmospheric sound-speed variations affects explosion signals. Array measures reveal evolving wavefield structure, indicating a mix of ballistic and diffusive arrivals for middle atmosphere analysis.

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Area of Science:

Atmospheric acoustics
Seismology
Geophysics

Background:

Infrasound signals from explosions are affected by atmospheric sound-speed structure.
Previous studies often analyze only temporal and spectral content of infrasound.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate infrasonic scattering by fine-scale atmospheric sound-speed structure.
To analyze variability in infrasound signals using advanced array and single-sensor measures.

Main Methods:

Analysis of infrasonic signals from explosions using the IS37 microbarometer array.
Utilizing sample covariance matrix and second eigenmode beam pattern for array measures.
Employing multi-scale entropy and spectral-amplitude correlation for single-sensor measures.

Main Results:

Infrasonic scattering causes signal variability, with beamwidth increasing and energy distribution becoming skewed over time.
Directional energy distribution approximated by a skewed Gaussian distribution.
A mix of ballistic and diffusive arrivals was observed, often with similar amplitudes.

Conclusions:

Array and single-sensor measures provide insights into wavefield structure below array resolution.
These measures are crucial for accurate inversion of fine-scale sound speed structure in the middle atmosphere.
Analysis should extend beyond standard temporal and spectral content for comprehensive understanding.