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Destination choices during internal temporary migration: Evidence from northern Bangladesh
1Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Plos One
|July 1, 2026
Summary
Many rural poor in Bangladesh undertake temporary migration. Rural destinations offer better income-to-cost ratios and household risk diversification, rather than maximizing remittances.
Area of Science:
- Development Economics
- Rural Sociology
- Migration Studies
Background:
- Urban migration is often linked to higher wages, but rural poor frequently choose rural destinations for temporary migration.
- The drivers and economic impacts of rural versus urban temporary migration remain under-researched.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the determinants of rural versus urban temporary migration among the rural poor in northern Bangladesh.
- To assess the income effects of these migration choices, accounting for self-selection and endogeneity.
Main Methods:
- Econometric analysis of temporary migrants' destination choices.
- Estimation of income effects, controlling for self-selection bias.
- Analysis of remittance data and cost-benefit considerations.
Main Results:
- Rural destinations do not necessarily yield higher total household income compared to urban destinations.
- Remittances from rural-bound temporary migration are lower than those from urban-bound migration.
- Rural-bound migration is not primarily driven by remittance maximization.
Conclusions:
- Temporary migrants choose rural destinations due to factors beyond remittance maximization, including better income-to-cost ratios.
- Household obligations, continued engagement in origin-based labor, and risk diversification influence destination choices.
- Reduced time away from home is a significant factor in preferring rural destinations for temporary migration.
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