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Decoding inflammation: first-trimester biomarkers as predictive tools for gestational diabetes.

¹Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Kars, Turkey.

Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)

|July 1, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

First-trimester inflammatory markers like the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) show promise for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Elevated PLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) are associated with GDM risk.

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Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hematology
Inflammation Research

Background:

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication linked to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Early identification of GDM risk is crucial for timely intervention and improved pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate several hematologic inflammatory markers measured in the first trimester as early predictive biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
To assess the diagnostic performance of these markers in predicting GDM.

Main Methods:

A retrospective cohort study involving 588 pregnant women (294 with GDM and 294 matched controls).
Collection of demographic, obstetric, and first-trimester hematologic data.

Main Results:

Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were significantly higher in women with GDM.
Hemoglobin-albumin-lymphocyte-thrombocyte (HALT) and Aggregate Systemic Inflammation Index (ASII) were significantly lower in women with GDM.
PLR demonstrated the strongest predictive ability for GDM (AUC=0.679), followed by NLR (AUC=0.645) and SII (AUC=0.610).

Conclusions:

PLR, NLR, and SII are promising biomarkers for early GDM prediction in the first trimester.
These findings underscore the role of inflammation in GDM pathophysiology.
Routine hematologic markers can aid in GDM risk stratification.