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Related Concept Videos

Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Language01:16

Language

Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Indeterminate Structure01:18

Indeterminate Structure

Indeterminate structures refer to structures where internal forces and reactions cannot be determined using only the equations of static equilibrium.  Indeterminate structures have more unknown forces and reaction forces than equations of static equilibrium that can be used to determine them. Indeterminate structures are often used in engineering to create complex, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing structures. There are various types of indeterminate structures used in engineering and some...
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Introduction to Structures01:30

Introduction to Structures

A structure is defined as a system of interconnected members designed to support or transfer forces and successfully withstand the loads acting on them. The internal forces of a structure can be determined by decomposing the structure and analyzing the free-body diagrams of the individual members or of a combination of members. This helps in understanding the structural elements' behavior and ensuring that the structure is stable and can withstand the subjected loads.
There are three main...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

The Structure of Indigenous Trance Language.

Walter Bongartz1, Bärbel Bongartz1

  • 1KIKH Clinical Hypnosis, Klingenberg Institute of Clinical Hypnosis, Konstanz, Germany.

The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indigenous trance languages, segmented into two-liners and multi-liners, create healing realities. These structures, unlike modern hypnosis, resemble ancient epic texts, highlighting the significance of multi-liners in Indigenous healing practices.

Keywords:
Conceptual blendinggrounded cognitionhypnosisindigenous trance languageperceptual-simulation

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Cognitive Linguistics
  • Anthropology of Religion

Background:

  • Indigenous healing rituals often employ trance states.
  • The linguistic structures of these trance states are not well understood.
  • Comparison with other trance modalities can illuminate unique features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the structure of trance texts from five Indigenous cultures.
  • To identify common factors in Indigenous trance languages.
  • To understand the role of linguistic structure in the effects of Indigenous healing.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of Indigenous trance texts.
  • Segmentation of texts into two-liners and multi-liners.
  • Comparison with classical hypnosis and ancient Mesopotamian texts.

Main Results:

  • Indigenous trance texts are highly segmented, contrasting with continuous modern trance languages.
  • Two-liners establish context, while multi-liners deepen emotional and physical experiences.
  • Indigenous trance languages share similarities with ancient epic texts but feature a higher prevalence of multi-liners.

Conclusions:

  • Indigenous trance languages utilize distinct segmentation (two-liners, multi-liners) for therapeutic effects.
  • Multi-liners are particularly crucial in Indigenous trance languages.
  • These findings offer insights into the cognitive and linguistic mechanisms of Indigenous healing.