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Prognostic Factors for Relapse and Mortality Risk in Chilean Patients With Testicular Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort
Valentina Ríos-Correa1, José Bennett-Laso2,3, Daniela Guerra-Pérez1
1School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
JCO Global Oncology
|July 1, 2026
Summary
Outcomes for early-stage germ cell tumors (GCTs) in Chile align with global data, but advanced-stage GCT survival is suboptimal. Addressing structural challenges like centralized care is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common male reproductive cancers, with higher mortality reported in Latin America and the Caribbean.
- Population-based data on GCTs in this region, including Chile, are limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of Chilean GCT patients.
- To evaluate the performance of established prognostic factors in this cohort.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort analysis of 628 patients from two Chilean institutions.
- Analysis of clinical characteristics, recurrence, and survival by stage and histology.
- Evaluation of prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival in stage I disease.
Main Results:
- Five-year overall survival (OS) for stage I seminoma and nonseminomatous GCTs was high (98.8% and 98.0%, respectively).
- Advanced-stage GCT patients had poorer outcomes compared to international benchmarks.
- Lymphovascular invasion and preorchiectomy hCG levels predicted relapse in stage I seminoma; no significant risk factors were found for stage I nonseminoma.
Conclusions:
- Stage I GCT outcomes in Chile are comparable to international standards.
- Survival for advanced-stage GCT remains suboptimal, indicating systemic issues.
- Improving outcomes requires strengthening referral pathways, centralizing care, and enhancing national registries.
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