Intelligent self-heating polystyrene-based porous framework with TiO₂@PDA-PPy nanostructure enables all-weather crude...

Frequent oil spills and complex oil-water contamination pose a serious threat to ecosystems, making the development of an efficient high-viscosity crude oil remediation material urgently needed. This study employed a HIPE template strategy to fabricate multifunctional foams integrating photothermal conversion, electrothermal response, superhydrophobicity, and photocatalytic activity in a single step. The prepared P(S₅-E₁-N₃)/TiO₂@PDA-PPy₈ foam exhibited remarkable compressibility, outstanding superhydrophobicity (WCA = 157.1°, WSA = 1.5°), ultra-high continuous oil-water separation efficiency (≥99.7%), and oil-water emulsion separation efficiency (≥99.5%). Crucially, this material demonstrated exceptional photothermal and electrothermal conversion capabilities, with its surface temperature rapidly rising to 106.7°C under illumination and 119.4°C under voltage. Furthermore, the crude oil adsorption process under dual-effect synergistic heating proved approximately 76 times faster than conventional adsorption methods. Notably, this foam exhibited remarkable degradation efficiency (98.1%) for organic dyes, demonstrating outstanding photocatalytic activity.