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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile
05:46

Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile

Published on: September 20, 2024

Role of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Strabismus, Strabismus Surgery, and Reoperation Rates.

Akshara R Legala1, Takashi Nishida1, Ashley Liang1

  • 1Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use was linked to increased risks of strabismus diagnosis and surgery in women. This study highlights a potential connection between MHT and ocular alignment issues in postmenopausal individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is widely used for symptom management.
  • The impact of MHT on ocular health, specifically strabismus, remains under-explored.
  • Understanding potential side effects of MHT is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and the development of strabismus.
  • To evaluate the risk of strabismus diagnosis and surgical intervention in menopausal women using MHT.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing the Epic Cosmos database (2010-2025).
  • Included female patients aged 44-60 at menopause diagnosis, comparing MHT users (≥90 days) with non-users.
  • Time-varying Cox proportional hazards models analyzed outcomes, adjusting for covariates.
Keywords:
Strabismus surgeryestrogen receptorextraocular musclesmenopausal hormone replacement therapymenopausestrabismus

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile
05:46

Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile

Published on: September 20, 2024

Main Results:

  • The study included over 2.1 million menopausal women, with 9.2% using MHT.
  • MHT use was significantly associated with an increased hazard of strabismus diagnosis (HR 1.11) and strabismus surgery (HR 1.76).
  • No significant association was found between MHT and strabismus reoperation.

Conclusions:

  • Menopausal hormone therapy is associated with a higher risk of strabismus diagnosis and surgery.
  • Findings suggest MHT may influence ocular alignment in menopausal women.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association.