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Graphitizable pitch from pine resin enables bulk graphite from terpenes.

Masato Morimoto¹, Yuya Kado², Takuma Kawaguchi³

¹Energy Process Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan. m.morimoto@aist.go.jp.

Nature Communications

|July 1, 2026

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Researchers created a graphitizable pitch from biomass, overcoming limitations in biomass carbonization. This new method enables the production of high-quality graphite from renewable resources.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Renewable Energy

Background:

Biomass-derived carbons typically lack the molecular structure for graphitization due to insufficient aromatic condensation.
Petroleum-derived pitches are traditionally used for graphitizable materials, but sustainable alternatives are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a strategy for converting terpene-based biomass into a graphitizable pitch.
To establish a molecular design principle for biomass-derived graphitizable materials.

Main Methods:

Chemically guided molecular restructuring of pine-resin-derived terpenes.
Sequential deoxygenation-aromatization and controlled oligomerization.
Thermal analysis and polarized optical microscopy to confirm mesophase formation.

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Main Results:

Successfully produced an aromatic pitch with low heteroatom content from biomass.
Demonstrated thermoplastic behavior and mesophase formation during heating.
Obtained graphite with crystallinity comparable to natural graphite after high-temperature treatment.

Conclusions:

A novel chemical strategy enables the creation of true graphitizable pitches from terpene-based biomass.
This approach overcomes the inherent limitations of biomass carbonization for producing graphitic materials.
Establishes a molecular design principle for sustainable, biomass-derived graphitizable feedstocks.