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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Pioneering Patient-Specific Approaches for Precision Surgery Using Imaging and Virtual Reality
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OpenOR - a virtual reality framework for medical education.

Florian Grimm1, Brenno Santana Tagliavini2, Felix Behling2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. florian.grimm@med.uni-tuebingen.de.

Acta Neurochirurgica
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Virtual reality (VR) training enhances medical education by offering immersive anatomical and procedural exploration. The OpenOR application provides a cost-effective, collaborative platform for neurosurgical and anatomical learning.

Keywords:
EducationNeuroanatomyNeurosurgeryVirtual Reality

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education Technology
  • Virtual Reality Applications
  • Surgical Training

Background:

  • Virtual reality (VR) is a powerful, immersive tool for medical training.
  • Affordable hardware makes VR a cost-effective solution for high-quality medical education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate OpenOR, a VR application for medical education.
  • To assess the effectiveness of VR in exploring complex anatomy and surgical procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Developed OpenOR using Unity, featuring multi-user interaction, customizable avatars, and hand-tracking.
  • Integrated virtual DICOM viewer, 3D anatomical models from MRI, and 3D surgical videos.
  • Included CAD models of implants and conducted a usability test with 30 medical students.

Main Results:

  • OpenOR demonstrated significant educational potential, increasing student engagement and understanding of anatomy and surgical workflows.
  • Multi-user mode facilitated collaborative learning; hand-tracking enabled intuitive interaction.
  • High user satisfaction confirmed the platform's value for neurosurgical and anatomical training.

Conclusions:

  • OpenOR advances VR-based medical education by integrating immersive technology with accessible hardware.
  • It provides practical, scalable training solutions for Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy.