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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving01:27

Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving

Directional radiation patterns are central to antenna analysis, as they illustrate how signal strength varies with direction. These patterns are often modeled using polar plots, where the radial distance from the origin represents signal intensity at a given angle. A commonly used idealized form is the four-lobed rose curve, which captures the concept of directional beams in a simplified mathematical form.The four-lobed rose curve, described by r = cos⁡(2θ), features four symmetric lobes, each...
Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

Molecular Shape and Polarity

Dipole Moment of a Molecule
Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant01:26

Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant

When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy for a Label-Free Amyloid Structural Characterization
05:54

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Published on: September 8, 2023

Polarization-conditioned diffusion model for shape from polarization.

Hailong Shen, Bin Liu, Yihua Pan

    Optics Express
    |July 2, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces PcdSfP, a novel polarization-conditioned diffusion model for shape from polarization (SfP). It enhances surface normal recovery by integrating polarimetric data with diffusion models, improving accuracy and detail.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • Computational Imaging
    • Optics

    Background:

    • Shape from Polarization (SfP) uses light polarization for surface normal recovery.
    • Current SfP methods face limitations due to physical model imperfections and limited labeled data.
    • Diffusion models show promise for geometry estimation but require specialized adaptations for SfP.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a polarization-conditioned diffusion model (PcdSfP) for improved shape from polarization.
    • To address challenges in applying diffusion models to SfP, such as polarization-guided diffusion and inference ambiguity.
    • To enhance surface normal recovery accuracy and detail preservation in SfP tasks.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed PcdSfP, a polarization-conditioned diffusion model for SfP.
    • Encoded unpolarized intensity, Degree of Polarization (DoP), and Angle of Polarization (AoP) as conditioning cues.
    • Implemented spatially adaptive noise injection and joint supervision in latent and pixel spaces.

    Main Results:

    • PcdSfP effectively integrates polarimetric observables with diffusion model priors.
    • Achieved improved accuracy and detail recovery in surface normal estimation.
    • Demonstrated superior performance on both object-level and scene-level SfP tasks.

    Conclusions:

    • PcdSfP offers a robust framework for shape from polarization using diffusion models.
    • The method successfully overcomes limitations of existing SfP techniques.
    • PcdSfP advances the state-of-the-art in geometrically consistent surface normal recovery.