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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
10:31

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

Late-Onset Myasthenia Gravis: An Increasingly Frequent Clinical Entity With Distinctive Challenges.

E Latini1,2, M Guida1, A Cepele1

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Muscle & Nerve
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG), prevalent in older adults, presents unique clinical features and a generally favorable prognosis. Further research is needed on optimal treatments for this growing patient group.

Keywords:
anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibodiescomorbidities in LOMGimmunosuppressive therapy in LOMGlate‐onset myasthenia gravismyasthenia gravissteroid therapy in LOMGthymectomy in LOMGvery‐late‐onset myasthenia gravis

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Engineering and Characterization of an Optogenetic Model of the Human Neuromuscular Junction
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Engineering and Characterization of an Optogenetic Model of the Human Neuromuscular Junction

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
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Published on: October 25, 2018

Engineering and Characterization of an Optogenetic Model of the Human Neuromuscular Junction
11:07

Engineering and Characterization of an Optogenetic Model of the Human Neuromuscular Junction

Published on: April 14, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG), defined as symptom onset after age 50, is the most common subtype of myasthenia gravis (MG).
  • Very-late-onset MG (VLOMG) is diagnosed in patients over 65.
  • LOMG exhibits distinct clinical characteristics, including male predominance, oculo-bulbar presentation, and higher risk of severe events at onset, despite a favorable prognosis and spontaneous remission rates in VLOMG.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the increasing prevalence of LOMG and its implications for current therapeutic strategies.
  • To evaluate the need for distinct treatment approaches in older MG patients.
  • To identify critical evidence gaps concerning LOMG management.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review and analysis of existing literature on LOMG and VLOMG.
  • Focuses on epidemiological trends, clinical presentations, and treatment outcomes in older MG populations.
  • Highlights areas requiring further clinical investigation.

Main Results:

  • LOMG is the most prevalent MG subgroup, with increasing diagnoses.
  • Older patients show a male predominance, oculo-bulbar onset, and higher risk of severe initial events.
  • VLOMG demonstrates a notable rate of spontaneous remission.

Conclusions:

  • The rising incidence of LOMG necessitates a re-evaluation of current treatment paradigms.
  • Evidence gaps exist regarding thymectomy efficacy, and optimal use of immunosuppressants and targeted therapies in older adults.
  • Further research is crucial to tailor treatments for the aging MG population.