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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata02:04

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

The Calvin Benson Cycle

Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
Photosystems01:32

Photosystems

Photosystems are multiprotein complexes that form the functional units of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They are found embedded in the membrane of tiny sac-like structures called thylakoids placed inside the chloroplast.
Functioning of Photosystems
Photosystems contain many pigment molecules, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, arranged in a particular organization across two domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment molecules...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato
06:28

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato

Published on: June 7, 2024

Stomatal Decoupling From Photosynthesis Under High Temperatures Is Consistent With Stomatal Optimisation.

Simon R G Jones1, Georg Wohlfahrt2, Andrew D Friend3

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

Global Change Biology
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Plant stomata regulate gas exchange, but models often fail at high temperatures. By iteratively calculating leaf temperature alongside stomatal conductance, this study captures observed stomatal decoupling, improving climate model accuracy.

Keywords:
climate extremesevaporative coolingheat wavephotosynthesisstomatal conductancestomatal optimisation theorythermoregulation

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Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Transpiration by Large-Scale Thermal Imaging Screening in Helianthus Annuus
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Published on: January 30, 2020

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato
06:28

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato

Published on: June 7, 2024

Assessing Structural Traits in Triticum aestivum and Zea mays for C3 and C4 Photosynthetic Differentiation Using Free-hand and Semi-thin Sections
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Assessing Structural Traits in Triticum aestivum and Zea mays for C3 and C4 Photosynthetic Differentiation Using Free-hand and Semi-thin Sections

Published on: July 12, 2024

Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Transpiration by Large-Scale Thermal Imaging Screening in Helianthus Annuus
07:08

Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Transpiration by Large-Scale Thermal Imaging Screening in Helianthus Annuus

Published on: January 30, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Plant physiology
  • Climate modeling
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Stomatal pores control plant carbon gain and water loss, influencing climate feedbacks.
  • Current models often fail to capture stomatal responses at high temperatures, where conductance can increase as photosynthesis declines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the decoupling of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis at high temperatures.
  • To improve the accuracy of stomatal conductance models within Earth System Models.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new stomatal optimization model incorporating iterative leaf temperature calculation.
  • Compared model predictions with experimental observations of leaf gas exchange.

Main Results:

  • The iterative calculation of leaf temperature successfully captured the observed stomatal decoupling phenomenon.
  • The improved model enhanced predictions of leaf temperature and gas exchange at high temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate simulation of leaf energy balance within stomatal optimization models is crucial for predicting forest responses to rising global temperatures.
  • This approach is essential for improving the representation of land-atmosphere interactions in climate models.