Parental Knowledge of Pediatric Cancer Symptoms and Characteristics in Tabuk City: A Cross-sectional Study

Parental awareness of childhood cancer symptoms and preventive measures is essential for early recognition, timely healthcare utilization, and improved outcomes. This study assessed parental awareness of childhood cancer symptoms, risk factors, and early detection strategies in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among parents of children aged 0-18 years in Tabuk City using convenience sampling. Participants completed an electronic self-administered questionnaire adapted from a previously published study. The survey collected sociodemographic data, healthcare and education factors, experience with childhood cancer, knowledge of symptoms and preventive measures, and information sources. Knowledge scores were calculated using a five-point Likert scale.

A total of 414 parents participated, most of whom were mothers (75.6%). Most parents recognized the importance of early diagnosis (94.7%), routine health visits (63.8%), vaccinations (59.6%), and healthy lifestyles (60.4%). However, important knowledge gaps were identified. Fewer parents recognized persistent symptoms as warning signs (43.2%) or identified risk factors such as Down syndrome (31.9%) and genetic predisposition (28.8%). Parents with access to reliable healthcare information had significantly higher knowledge scores than those without (60.5 ± 18.0 vs. 55.4 ± 17.9; P = 0.004). Social media (84.5%) and the internet (84.3%) were the main information sources, while fewer parents received information from pediatricians (37.7%) or other healthcare professionals (35.0%).

Parental awareness of childhood cancer in Tabuk City remains suboptimal, with key knowledge gaps that may delay early recognition. Strengthening educational initiatives and increasing healthcare provider engagement are needed to improve early detection and outcomes.