Plant-Based Nutrition Alleviates Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Enhances Protein Intake during GLP-1 Therapy

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Gastroenterology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Glucagon-like-peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), including semaglutide, are prescribed for weight management.
• GLP-1RA therapy commonly causes gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, potentially leading to reduced nutrient intake and muscle mass.
• This study investigated a plant-based high-protein nutrition shake (PBHPNS) as a supportive intervention for individuals on GLP-1RA therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the acceptance and tolerance of a PBHPNS in adults undergoing GLP-1RA therapy.
• To determine if PBHPNS consumption improves nutrient adequacy, specifically protein and fiber intake.
• To assess the impact of PBHPNS on GI symptoms experienced by GLP-1RA users.

Main Methods:

• A single-arm, open-label pilot study was conducted with adults (BMI >27 kg/m²).
• Participants consumed 1-2 servings of PBHPNS daily for 7 days.
• Data collection included assessments of acceptance, likability, GI symptoms, and two 24-hour dietary recalls.

Main Results:

• Twenty participants completed the study without dropouts.
• Acute GI symptoms, particularly bloating and constipation, significantly improved 2 hours post-consumption (P < 0.05).
• Participants significantly increased protein and fiber intake, with an average consumption of 1.7 shakes/day; the shakes were rated as likable.

Conclusions:

• PBHPNS effectively increased protein and fiber intake in GLP-1RA users without worsening GI symptoms.
• The intervention demonstrated immediate improvements in bloating and constipation, with positive trends in overall GI symptom management.
• Clinically designed PBHPNS may help mitigate nutritional risks, including muscle loss and GI distress, associated with GLP-1RA therapy.