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The Association of Serum Chemerin Levels with Coronary Plaque Burden Assessed by Intravascular Ultrasound in Patients
Mohamed Fahmy Elnoamany1, Nouran Ahmed Raafat Mohamed Gaballa1, Fatma Elzahraa Abdelmoniem Zein1
1Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
Insights
Serum chemerin levels are significantly elevated in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients with high coronary plaque burden. Chemerin is a strong predictor of CCS and plaque severity, offering a potential diagnostic biomarker.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biochemistry
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Chemerin, a proinflammatory adipokine, is linked to atherosclerosis.
- Its role in coronary plaque burden within chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between serum chemerin concentrations and coronary plaque burden in CCS patients.
- To evaluate chemerin as a potential biomarker for CCS and atherosclerotic disease severity.
Main Methods:
- Prospective case-control study of 80 patients (50 CCS, 30 controls) undergoing coronary angiography.
- Serum chemerin measured by ELISA; plaque burden assessed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).
- Gensini, SYNTAX, and severity scores used for angiographic evaluation.
Main Results:
- CCS patients had significantly higher serum chemerin levels than controls (346.6 vs. 93 ng/mL).
- Chemerin positively correlated with plaque burden (r=0.71), severity score (r=0.63), and Gensini score (r=0.48).
- Chemerin demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for CCS (AUC=0.948) and was an independent predictor of CCS and plaque burden.
Conclusions:
- Serum chemerin is a valuable noninvasive biomarker for identifying high-risk atherosclerotic disease in CCS.
- Higher chemerin levels correlate with increased coronary plaque burden and disease severity.
Background:
Chemerin has emerged as a proinflammatory adipokine implicated in atherosclerotic processes. Yet, its connection with coronary plaque burden in the setting of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) has not been comprehensively studied. This study aims to examine the association between serum chemerin concentrations and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-based assessment of coronary plaque burden in CCS cases.
Patients And Methods:
This prospective case-control investigation included 80 cases undergoing elective coronary angiography - 50 with de novo atherosclerotic lesions (cases) and 30 with angiographically normal coronaries (controls). Serum chemerin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Assessment of plaque burden was performed with IVUS, whereas angiographic severity was evaluated by applying the Gensini, SYNTAX, and severity scoring systems.
Results:
Cases exhibited substantially elevated serum chemerin levels relative to controls (median: 346.6 vs. 93 ng/mL; P < 0.001). The mean plaque burden assessed by IVUS was 72 ± 16%. Chemerin concentrations were positively correlated with the severity score (r = 0.63, P < 0.001), Gensini score (r = 0.48, P = 0.001), and IVUS-derived plaque burden (r = 0.71, P < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy for chemerin in identifying CCS (area under the curve = 0.948; sensitivity 90%, specificity 100% at a cutoff >155 ng/mL). In multivariate analysis, chemerin was the strongest independent predictor of CCS (odds ratio = 1.047; 95% confidence interval: 1.019-1.075; P = 0.001) and plaque burden (β = 0.096; P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
Serum chemerin is a valuable noninvasive biomarker for identifying cases with high-risk atherosclerotic disease; however, no long-term follow-up data were available in this study.
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