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Related Concept Videos

Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant factor...
Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the anxiety of...
Social Traps01:41

Social Traps

Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned more cows, the larger...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Retarders01:19

Retarders

Retarders are chemical admixtures designed to extend the setting time, which is especially useful when there is a delay in sequential concrete pours to prevent cold joints and to achieve a cohesive structure. Retarders, when used in appropriate amounts, can also enhance the architectural appearance of exposed aggregate finishes.
The function of retarders is to delay the setting of concrete, and this effect can be measured using a penetration test. The retardation process involves adding...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

The risks of delay?

Scott C Kogan1

  • 1Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Scott.Kogan@ucsf.edu.

Haematologica
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study investigated the impact of environmental factors on disease prevalence. Key findings highlight a significant correlation between specific pollutants and increased incidence of respiratory conditions.

More Related Videos

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
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Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats

Published on: March 17, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
09:12

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats

Published on: March 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Environmental factors significantly influence public health outcomes.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between environmental exposures and disease patterns.
  • To identify specific environmental triggers for prevalent health conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a longitudinal study design.
  • Collected environmental data (air quality, water contamination) and health records.
  • Employed statistical models to analyze correlations.

Main Results:

  • A significant positive correlation was observed between particulate matter (PM2.5) levels and respiratory illness incidence.
  • Elevated levels of specific industrial pollutants were associated with increased cardiovascular disease markers.
  • Geographic analysis revealed hotspots of disease prevalence linked to industrial zones.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental pollution is a significant contributor to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Policy interventions aimed at reducing industrial emissions are recommended.
  • Further research into the long-term effects of combined pollutant exposure is warranted.