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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
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Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Autonomic dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis.

Aysegul Avcu1, Zeynep Hazal Baltaci2, Dilara Deniz Ergin2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.

Lupus
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) experience greater autonomic symptom burden compared to healthy individuals. Specific clinical factors correlate with this burden in each disease, suggesting targeted screening is beneficial.

Keywords:
COMPASS-31autonomic symptom burdensystemic lupus erythematosussystemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Autonomic dysfunction is a known complication of chronic systemic diseases.
  • Autoimmune connective tissue disorders like SLE and SSc can manifest with autonomic symptoms.
  • Quantifying this burden and identifying clinical correlates is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify autonomic symptom burden in patients with SLE and SSc.
  • To examine clinical and serological correlates of autonomic dysfunction in these patients.
  • To compare autonomic symptom burden between SLE, SSc, and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 50 SLE patients, 50 SSc patients, and 35 controls.
  • Autonomic symptom burden assessed using the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31 (COMPASS-31).
  • Clinical and demographic data collected; multivariable models used to identify predictors of high symptom burden.

Main Results:

  • Both SLE and SSc patients exhibited significantly higher COMPASS-31 scores than controls.
  • Systemic sclerosis showed a greater burden of orthostatic and vasomotor symptoms compared to SLE.
  • High autonomic symptom burden (COMPASS-31 > 32.5) was observed in 14% of SLE and 26% of SSc patients, versus 0% in controls.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with SLE and SSc have a substantially higher autonomic symptom burden than controls.
  • Specific organ involvement, such as serositis and joint issues in SLE, and GI and musculoskeletal problems in SSc, correlates with increased autonomic symptoms.
  • The COMPASS-31 is a practical tool for screening patients who may require further autonomic evaluation, aiding in timely diagnosis and management.