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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats
04:27

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Published on: May 4, 2020

Safety of Less Invasive Surfactant Administration in Preterm Infants: A Meta-Analysis.

Xuezheng Sun1, Shaked Yarza1, Yuting Kuang2

  • 1Chiesi USA Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...

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Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is comparable to INSURE/ETT for most safety outcomes in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Surfactant regurgitation was more frequent with LISA, but overall safety profiles are similar.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal medicine
  • Pediatric pulmonology
  • Critical care

Background:

  • Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is a growing technique for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
  • Comparing LISA's safety to established methods like INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation (INSURE) or endotracheal tube (ETT) is crucial for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate and compare the safety profiles of LISA versus INSURE/ETT in preterm infants diagnosed with RDS.
  • To synthesize evidence from both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted across MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases (2010-2024).
  • Arm-level pooled incidence estimates and pairwise comparisons were performed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models with random-effects.
Keywords:
less invasive surfactant administration (LISA)meta‐analysispreterm infantsrespiratory distress syndrome (RDS)surfactant therapy

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats
04:27

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Published on: May 4, 2020

  • Subgroup analyses considered gestational age, surfactant type, antenatal steroid exposure, and sedation/premedication use.

    • Main Results:

    • Nineteen RCTs and 26 non-randomized studies involving 4820 infants were analyzed.
    • No significant differences were found between LISA and INSURE/ETT for apnea, bradycardia, cough, hypoxemia, or intubation attempts.
    • Surfactant regurgitation/reflux occurred more frequently with LISA (OR=2.29), and hypoxemia was the most common adverse event overall (≥24%).

    Conclusions:

    • This meta-analysis is the first to assess LISA safety across both RCTs and non-randomized studies.
    • LISA demonstrates a safety profile comparable to INSURE/ETT for most outcomes in preterm infants with RDS.
    • Standardized training and optimized procedures may further improve LISA safety.