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Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

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Isolation and Identification of Vascular Endothelial Cells from Distinct Adipose Depots for Downstream Applications
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Published on: June 10, 2022

Obesity-Related Circulating Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles Negatively Affect Cerebral Microvascular Cell

Samuel T Ruzzene1, Vinicius P Garcia1, Auburn R Berry1

  • 1Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO.

American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EEVs) from obese adults impair brain endothelial cell function. These vesicles reduce nitric oxide production and increase endothelin-1, potentially increasing stroke risk.

Keywords:
endothelin-1endotheliumextracellular vesiclesnitric oxideobesity

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Published on: September 29, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to increased cerebrovascular dysfunction and stroke risk.
  • Endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EEVs) are implicated in intercellular communication and disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro effects of EEVs from obese adults on brain microvascular endothelial cells.
  • To assess the impact of EEVs on nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) production.

Main Methods:

  • EEVs were isolated from normal weight and obese adults using flow cytometry.
  • Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs) were treated with EEVs.
  • NO, ET-1, and t-PA levels were measured, along with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation.

Main Results:

  • EEVs from obese adults reduced NO production by ~20% in hCMECs.
  • EEVs from obese adults increased ET-1 production and expression of its precursors.
  • t-PA release was significantly lower in hCMECs treated with EEVs from obese adults.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating EEVs from obese individuals may mediate obesity-related cerebrovascular dysfunction.
  • EEVs could be a significant factor contributing to increased stroke risk in obesity.
  • Targeting EEVs may offer a therapeutic strategy for mitigating obesity-associated vascular complications.