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Association of menopausal status and genetic polymorphisms with early crestal bone loss around dental implants: A
Kaushal Kishor Agrawal1, Prachi Goel2, Husbana Bakrolwala1
1Department of Prosthodontics and Crowns and Bridges, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
Aim:
Menopause associated estrogen deficiency affects bone metabolism and may increase peri implant bone resorption. Genetic polymorphisms in inflammatory and bone related genes may further influence implant outcomes. This study evaluated the association between gene polymorphisms and peri implant early crestal bone loss (ECBL) in premenopausal and postmenopausal females.
Setting And Design:
This was a prospective observational clinical study conducted at a tertiary care government institution.
Materials And Methods:
The study included 146 female patients (73 premenopausal and 73 postmenopausal), each receiving a single mandibular posterior dental implant. Menopausal status was confirmed using medical history and serum estradiol quantification. A standardized two stage protocol was followed for implant placement. Cone beam computed tomography based measurements of ECBL were performed at baseline and 6 months. Genotyping of interleukin 1 alpha (IL1A 889), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B 3954) and IL1B 511, IL6 572, collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), and bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein (BGP) (osteocalcin) polymorphisms was performed using real time PCR.
Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 26.0). Chi-square test, unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and univariate binary logistic regression analysis were applied.
Results:
Final analysis included 141 women (69 premenopausal and 72 postmenopausal). Postmenopausal females had significantly higher body mass index and lower bone mineral density ( P < 0.05). Mean ECBL was significantly greater in postmenopausal females (1.20 ± 0.78 mm) than in premenopausal females (0.65 ± 0.51 mm; P < 0.001), with critical ECBL (>0.5 mm) observed in 84.7% and 44.9% of participants, respectively. No genetic associations were identified in premenopausal females. In postmenopausal females, IL1A 889 AG (odds ratio (OR) = 7.75; P = 0.044) and IL6 572 CC genotypes (OR = 8.96; P = 0.045) were significantly associated with critical ECBL.
Conclusion:
Postmenopausal females exhibited significantly greater ECBL around dental implants, and IL1A 889 and IL6 572 polymorphisms showed a significant association with increased ECBL. These findings highlighted the influence of IL1A 889 and IL6 572 gene polymorphisms on early peri implant bone remodeling in postmenopausal females.
