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Contraceptive Progestogens and Incident Meningioma
Nicklas Hasselblad Lundstrøm1, Mette Hjorslev Knudgaard1, Michael Skaarup Pedersen2
1Division of Pharmacovigilance and Quality Management, Danish Medicines Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark.
JAMA Network Open
|July 2, 2026
Summary
Certain hormonal contraceptives containing progestogens, including combined oral contraceptives, progestogen-only pills, and high-dose intrauterine devices, are linked to an increased risk of meningioma. Recent use showed the highest risk, highlighting the need for physician and patient awareness.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Meningiomas are known adverse effects of high-dose progestogens.
- Limited data exists on meningioma risk with progestogens used for contraception.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between different progestogens used in hormonal contraception and the risk of meningioma.
Main Methods:
- A nationwide Danish population-based nested case-control study.
- Included 3 million females aged 15-59 years over a 25-year period.
- Identified 1473 meningioma cases and 14,717 matched controls.
Main Results:
- Recent use of cyproterone, desogestrel, drospirenone, gestodene, levonorgestrel (oral and high-dose IUD), and injectable medroxyprogesterone was associated with increased meningioma risk.
- Odds ratios ranged from 1.38 to 4.55 for various progestogens.
- Recent use (within the past year) correlated with the highest risk.
Conclusions:
- Specific contraceptive progestogens are associated with an elevated risk of meningioma.
- Findings are crucial for informed decision-making by women and healthcare providers.
- Highlights the importance of considering progestogen type and recent use in meningioma risk assessment.
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