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Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide Mortality in Youths: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Marie-Claude Geoffroy1,2, Elizabeth Baker-Sullivan2, Nusrat Jahan Nitu1
1Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
JAMA Network Open
|July 2, 2026
Summary
Youth suicide mortality is linked to mental disorders, healthcare use, and adversity. Family stability may offer protection, highlighting needs for clinical and population-level prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Psychiatry
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Prior reviews on youth suicide mortality risk and protective factors are limited, often focusing on all age groups or nonfatal outcomes.
- A comprehensive synthesis of factors specifically associated with youth suicide mortality is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically assess factors linked to suicide mortality risk in individuals aged 24 years or younger.
- To synthesize existing evidence on risk and protective factors for youth suicide mortality.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.
- Searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL databases.
- Included studies on youths (≤24 years) examining risk/protective factors for suicide mortality.
Main Results:
- Schizophrenia, mood disorders, and self-harm were strongly associated with increased suicide risk.
- Mental health service use and psychiatric admissions were significant risk indicators.
- Adversity factors like maltreatment and out-of-home placement increased risk, while family stability decreased it.
Conclusions:
- Youth suicide mortality is associated with mental disorders, healthcare contact, and adversity.
- Findings support integrated clinical care and population-level prevention efforts.
- Further research is crucial, particularly in underrepresented populations.
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