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Multimodal Contrastive Spatiotemporal Self-Organizing Neural Networks for In-Home Activity Learning of Mild Cognitive

Seng-Khoon Teh, Ah-Hwee Tan, Kar-Way Tan

    IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
    |July 2, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel machine learning model using in-home movement data to detect Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The multimodal approach effectively integrates diverse spatiotemporal data for early geriatric condition detection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Gerontology
    • Machine Learning

    Background:

    • In-home spatiotemporal data offers predictive value for geriatric conditions like Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).
    • Existing models struggle to integrate disparate spatiotemporal data types for comprehensive analysis.
    • A generalized machine learning model is needed to jointly model various in-home spatiotemporal data.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a multimodal spatiotemporal machine learning model for MCI detection.
    • To integrate movement trajectory and spatial time-series data for enhanced predictive utility.
    • To assess the model's performance against state-of-the-art methods in early geriatric condition detection.

    Main Methods:

    • A multimodal spatiotemporal machine learning model based on self-organizing neural networks was developed.

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  • Episodic Memory Adaptive Resonance Theory (EM-ART) and SpatioTemporal Episodic Memory (STEM) were employed for different data types.
  • A contrastive layer normalized features, and a Fusion ART layer integrated them for MCI classification.
  • Main Results:

    • Individual EM-ART and STEM models achieved a ROC-AUC of 0.6-0.7 for MCI detection.
    • The integrated multimodal contrastive model demonstrated 84.2% predictive accuracy and 66.7% F1 rate.
    • The proposed model outperformed SVM and LSTM in specificity and accuracy for MCI detection.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed multimodal spatiotemporal model effectively integrates diverse in-home data for MCI detection.
    • This approach shows significant potential for the early detection of geriatric conditions in clinical settings.
    • The model paves the way for utilizing passive sensing data in geriatric healthcare.