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Electron-Switching Astaxanthin Enables Programmable Triple-Phase Interface Chemistry for High-Loading All-Solid-State

Zhiyuan Chen1, Hao Liu2, Yecheng Yan3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Astaxanthin (AXT) stabilizes interfaces in all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) by modulating electron pathways and buffering volume changes. This biomolecular approach enhances sulfur redox kinetics and durability for high-energy-density solid-state batteries.

Keywords:
all‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur batteriesastaxanthinelectrolyte decompositionelectron pockethigh sulfur loadingmechanical failuresulfur conversion kinetics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) offer high energy density and safety.
  • Performance is limited by unstable interfaces between sulfur, carbon, and solid electrolytes.
  • This instability causes poor kinetics, hindered charge transport, and degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address interface instability in ASSLSBs using a biomolecular strategy.
  • To investigate astaxanthin (AXT) as an electron-switching interfacial regulator.
  • To improve sulfur redox kinetics, charge transport, and mechanical stability.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental and theoretical analysis of AXT-modified interfaces.
  • Investigating AXT's effect on electrolyte decomposition pathways and Li2S formation.
  • Evaluating AXT's role in Li+ transport and intermediate stabilization.
  • Assessing AXT's function as a scaffold for volume fluctuation buffering.

Main Results:

  • AXT modulates electrolyte decomposition via an "electron pocket" effect, favoring Li2S formation.
  • Polar oxygen groups in AXT create pathways for enhanced Li+ transport and stabilized intermediates.
  • AXT's structure buffers volume changes, maintaining interfacial integrity.
  • AXT-modified ASSLSBs achieved 16.56 mAh cm-2 areal capacity at 9.49 mg cm-2 sulfur loading.

Conclusions:

  • Biomolecular strategy using AXT effectively regulates interfaces in ASSLSBs.
  • AXT enhances electrochemical performance, kinetics, and durability.
  • This work presents a paradigm for interface engineering in solid-state batteries.