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Related Concept Videos

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...

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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Published on: December 5, 2017

A CDK1 phospho-switch reprograms TRAIP to unload replisomes in mitosis.

Geylani Can1,2,3, Maksym Shyian3, Archana Krishnamoorthy1,2

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 2, 2026
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Summary

Unreplicated DNA in mitosis causes cell failure. A protein called TRAIP is reprogrammed to disassemble the replisome, preventing chromosome segregation errors and safeguarding genome integrity.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
08:33

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

Published on: December 5, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cells require complete DNA replication before mitosis to prevent chromosome segregation failure.
  • The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAIP normally facilitates replisome progression during interphase by ubiquitylating fork barriers.
  • During mitosis, TRAIP's function shifts to process incompletely replicated DNA, crucial for genome stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which TRAIP is reprogrammed in mitosis.
  • To understand how TRAIP processes unreplicated DNA during cell division.
  • To identify factors involved in altering replisome organization for genome integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the role of the ATPase TTF2 in TRAIP reprogramming.
  • Utilized biochemical assays to study protein interactions at the replisome.
  • Examined the effect of Cyclin B-CDK1 phosphorylation on TRAIP localization and activity.

Main Results:

  • TTF2 recruits and tethers phosphorylated TRAIP to DNA polymerase ε at the replisome.
  • This interaction enables TRAIP to ubiquitylate the replisome in mitosis.
  • The process promotes replisome disassembly, fork breakage, and chromosome arm joining.

Conclusions:

  • A phospho-regulated architectural switch involving TTF2 reprograms TRAIP in mitosis.
  • This switch alters replisome organization to ensure proper processing of unreplicated DNA.
  • The mechanism safeguards genome integrity before chromosome segregation.