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Related Concept Videos

Social Traps01:41

Social Traps

Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned more cows, the larger...
Equity Theory01:26

Equity Theory

Equity theory explains how our sense of fairness influences the dynamics of close relationships. Rooted in social psychology, the theory posits that individuals evaluate fairness by comparing the ratio of their contributions to the rewards they receive. Relationship satisfaction is highest when these ratios are perceived as balanced between partners, promoting mutual reciprocity and a sense of justice.Equity vs. Equality in RelationshipsEquity is distinct from equality. Fairness does not...
Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated, individuals become less...
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Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
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Social Exchange Theory

We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

The invisible hand.

Yibin Zhu1

  • 1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The hidden role of microbiota in mosquito-borne diseases is now understood. This research reveals how these microorganisms influence disease transmission dynamics.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Vector-borne diseases
  • Medical entomology

Background:

  • Mosquito-borne diseases pose significant global health threats.
  • The role of the mosquito microbiota in disease transmission is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the hidden role of microbiota in mosquito-borne disease.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which mosquito-associated microbes influence pathogen development and transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated microbial communities within key mosquito vectors.
  • Utilized molecular techniques to identify microbial composition and function.
  • Assessed the impact of specific microbial manipulations on pathogen load and mosquito competence.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific bacterial taxa associated with reduced or enhanced pathogen infection.
  • Demonstrated that certain microbial manipulations alter mosquito immune responses.
  • Showcased a direct link between microbiota composition and the transmission efficiency of arboviruses.

Conclusions:

  • The mosquito microbiota is a critical factor in regulating the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens.
  • Targeting the mosquito microbiota presents a novel strategy for vector control and disease prevention.
  • Further research into host-microbe-pathogen interactions is essential for combating vector-borne diseases.