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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
06:16

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

Pharmacist prioritization tools for paediatric patients: development, implementation, validation, and impact-a

Elena Van Nederkassel1,2, Elisabeth Van Eyken1,2, Ine Hubrechts1,2

  • 1School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.

The International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Few pharmacist prioritization tools exist for pediatric patients, with most still in development. These tools show potential for improving workflow and pharmacist interventions but require further validation and implementation research.

Keywords:
clinical pharmacyhospital pharmacy servicespaediatricsprioritization toolrisk assessmenttriage

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
06:16

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy practice
  • Clinical pharmacy
  • Pediatric pharmacotherapy

Background:

  • Pharmacist prioritization tools aid in identifying patients for targeted interventions.
  • Existing reviews of these tools have largely excluded pediatric populations.
  • There is a need to understand tools specifically for clinical pharmacists in pediatric settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify and describe prioritization tools for clinical pharmacists in pediatric settings.
  • To analyze the development, validation, and impact of these tools.
  • To explore barriers to the implementation of pediatric pharmacist prioritization tools.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts was conducted.
  • Empirical study types, including conference abstracts, were included without date or language restrictions.
  • Quality assessment was performed using the Delphi Critical Appraisal Tool or Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Main Results:

  • Few tools (3 full-text papers, 5 abstracts) were identified, mostly in the testing phase.
  • Group consensus among pharmacists and technicians was a common development method.
  • Limited validation and generalizability were noted; few tools were implemented in routine practice, though some showed potential for workflow improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Existing pediatric pharmacist prioritization tools are scarce and largely in early development stages.
  • These tools demonstrate potential to enhance pharmacy workflows and enable timely, targeted interventions.
  • Future research should prioritize tool validation, multidisciplinary development, and patient/carer involvement.