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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Evaluating the Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer-related Fatigue
08:56

Evaluating the Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer-related Fatigue

Published on: May 17, 2018

Patient-Reported Symptom Burden Among Thyroid Cancer Survivors: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Jason B Liu1,2,3, Thomas Szabo Yamashita1,4, Johnny L Rollins5

  • 1Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.

JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid cancer survivors generally report low symptom burden, but a significant subset experiences severe symptoms and functional issues. Routine screening identifies these patients for necessary interventions.

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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Evaluating the Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer-related Fatigue
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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Patient-Reported Outcomes
  • Survivorship Care

Background:

  • Survivorship care models need to address treatment-related symptoms beyond recurrence surveillance.
  • Patient-reported symptom burden is a critical aspect of long-term thyroid cancer survivorship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine patient-reported symptom burden among adult thyroid cancer survivors using routine clinical data.
  • To identify factors associated with higher symptom burden in thyroid cancer survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the MDASI-Thy (Multidimensional Symptom Assessment Scale for Thyroid Cancer) for electronic symptom assessment.
  • Collected data from September 2019 to September 2022 at a dedicated thyroid cancer survivorship clinic.
  • Employed multivariable generalized linear models to analyze associations between patient, cancer, and treatment factors and symptom scores/high alert values (HAVs).

Main Results:

  • 864 of 1,557 (55.5%) thyroid cancer survivors responded, with a median of 5 years post-diagnosis.
  • Common severe symptoms included fatigue (11.5%) and disturbed sleep (11.3%).
  • Higher symptom burden correlated with female sex, Black race, comorbidities, active smoking, and total thyroidectomy.

Conclusions:

  • Routine patient-reported symptom screening effectively identifies symptom burden variations in thyroid cancer survivors.
  • A subset of survivors experiences severe symptoms and functional interference requiring targeted management.
  • The findings support integrating symptom assessment into survivorship care models.