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Vogel spiral-based tilt-scan averaging approach for robust and efficient diffraction contrast suppression in DPC

Ayumu Oyaizu1, Satoko Toyama1, Takehito Seki1

  • 1Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Bunkyo, 113-0032, Japan Yayoi, Tokyo.

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Summary

The Vogel spiral pattern effectively suppresses diffraction contrast in differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (DPC STEM). This uniformly distributed sampling method offers robust contrast suppression compared to conventional patterns.

Keywords:
Differential Phase ContrastSTEMVogel spiraltilt scan averaging

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Electron Microscopy

Background:

  • Differential Phase Contrast (DPC) Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) is a powerful technique for materials characterization.
  • Suppression of diffraction contrast is crucial for accurate phase retrieval in DPC STEM.
  • The arrangement of tilt points significantly influences the effectiveness of contrast suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the impact of tilt point arrangements on diffraction contrast suppression in DPC STEM.
  • To compare the effectiveness of different sampling patterns, including concentric and Vogel spiral patterns.
  • To identify optimal tilt sampling strategies for robust DPC STEM imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation using multislice simulations.
  • Comparison of three tilt point sampling patterns: 4-fold, 6-fold symmetric concentric, and Vogel spiral.
  • Simulations performed on GaN, GaAs, Si, and SrTiO3 crystals.

Main Results:

  • All patterns converged to similar values with high tilt numbers, but convergence behaviors differed.
  • Concentric patterns showed non-monotonic decay and discrete fluctuations in residual diffraction contrast.
  • The Vogel spiral pattern demonstrated smoother, monotonic decay across various tilt numbers and crystal symmetries.

Conclusions:

  • Rotationally asymmetric and uniformly distributed tilt sampling is advantageous for diffraction contrast suppression in DPC STEM.
  • The Vogel spiral pattern is identified as an effective strategy for robust contrast suppression.
  • This finding aids in optimizing DPC STEM acquisition for improved phase imaging.