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Nanogenerator-driven self-powered electrochromic systems: Performance enhancement, interfacial-structural

Yaoli Wang¹, Feijie Wang¹, Suyang Wang¹

¹Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.

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|July 2, 2026

Summary

Self-powered electrochromic systems (SPESs) integrate nanogenerators with electrochromic devices for net-zero energy consumption. This review explores SPESs

Keywords:

electrochromism energy visualization nanogenerators net-zero energy operation photothermal modulation self-powered electrochromic systems

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Energy Harvesting
Smart Materials

Background:

The global energy crisis necessitates green energy solutions and efficient energy management.
Electrochromic technology offers energy-saving potential but requires external power.
Nanogenerators can harvest ambient mechanical energy, addressing power limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the latest advancements in self-powered electrochromic systems (SPESs).
To summarize SPES working mechanisms and architectures.
To discuss development strategies and emerging applications.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of recent research on SPESs.
Analysis of energy harvesting integration with electrochromic devices.
Evaluation of system architectures, performance, and applications.

Main Results:

SPESs enable closed-loop energy harvesting and management for net-zero operation.
Synergistic advantages include energy matching, optical memory, and integrability.
Emerging applications span smart windows, wearables, and adaptive camouflage.

Conclusions:

SPESs represent a new paradigm for self-driven intelligent systems.
Further development requires performance enhancement, system integration, and multifunctional design.
Future research should address key challenges for next-generation SPESs.