Toward precision prognosis: Predicting recurrence-free survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients using...

To evaluate the predictive value of clinical, genomic, and radiomics features in estimating recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).

This single-center, retrospective study included 91 patients with HGSOC who underwent treatment with NACT followed by surgery, and who had portal venous phase contrast enhanced CT imaging at baseline and after NACT. First-order texture features based on 2D segmentation were extracted from baseline and post-NACT CT images for selected disease sites using commercially available texture software. Multivariate Cox models assessed the prognostic significance of features at baseline, after NACT, and post-surgery time points, and model performance in predicting RFS was evaluated using C-statistics.

A model including only baseline clinical data had C-statistic 0.53, while a model including both clinical and radiomics features at baseline had C-statistic 0.63. After NACT, a model including all baseline data plus the change in radiomics features between baseline and post-NACT had C-statistic 0.63. Post-surgery, a model including all baseline data plus surgical outcome had C-statistic 0.69. Incorporating changes in radiomic features between time points did not measurably enhance model performance in the post-surgery data set (C-statistic 0.7). Age, residual disease at surgery, and kurtosis were individually associated with shorter RFS.

Radiomic features extracted from CT imaging may offer additive prognostic value for predicting RFS in HGSOC when integrated with clinical and genetic data. Our results support the potential integration of radiomic analysis with clinical data to improve outcome prediction in HGSOC.