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Genetic and environmental factors in determining rice panicle morphogenesis
Xiaohan Zhong1, Weiyang Zhang1
1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/ Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
Abstract:
The number of spikelets per panicle is a key determinant of rice yield sink capacity. This trait is governed by the dynamic balance between spikelet differentiation and degeneration which is modulated by intricate genetic programs, hormonal crosstalk, and fluctuating environmental conditions. This review synthesizes current advances in rice panicle morphogenesis from two complementary perspectives: intrinsic regulation, focusing on rice metabolism and hormonal networks through key rice genes, and extrinsic modulation by environmental factors such as water, nutrients, temperature, and light regimes, and thereby proposes future research priorities are proposed in the biological understanding of rice panicle morphogenesis with a view to laying a theoretical foundation for rice breeding and cultivation strategies for high yield.
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