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Occupational Radiation Exposure in Spine Surgery: Organ-specific OSL Phantom Dosimetry and Workload-based Risk

Ouaid Warimezgane¹, Mohamed Hilal², Mohammed Reda Mesradi³

¹High Institute of Health Sciences, Université Hassan 1er, P.O. Box 555,, Settat, Chaouia-Ouardigha, 26000, Morocco.

Journal of Radiological Protection : Official Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection

|July 2, 2026

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This summary is machine-generated.

Occupational radiation exposure in spine surgery is significant, with unprotected surgeons receiving the highest doses to the thoracic region. Standard protective equipment offers limited dose reduction, highlighting the need for rigorous monitoring and potential classification for high-volume surgeons.

Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Radiological Protection
Surgical Safety

Background:

Fluoroscopy-guided dorsolumbar spine surgery involves significant occupational radiation exposure risks for surgical staff.
Accurate dosimetry is crucial for assessing and mitigating these risks.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate organ-specific radiation doses for surgeons during fluoroscopy-guided dorsolumbar spine surgery.
To assess the effectiveness of standard protective equipment in reducing radiation exposure.
To estimate annual effective doses based on simulated surgical workloads.

Main Methods:

Utilized ATOM phantoms and carbon-doped aluminium oxide (Al2O3:C) nanoDot optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosemeters.
Simulated a 50-acquisition protocol with anteroposterior, oblique, and lateral projections at 50 cm from the C-arm isocentre.

Keywords:

Effective dose assessment Fluoroscopy-guided surgery OSL dosimetry occupational exposure radiation protection

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Calculated organ and effective doses based on ICRP Publication 103 guidelines.

Main Results:

Highest unprotected equivalent doses were to the breasts (0.0430 mSv), oesophagus (0.0335 mSv), stomach (0.0280 mSv), and lungs (0.0230 mSv).
Standard 0.5 mm Pb-equivalent protective equipment reduced organ doses by 27.3% to 42.9%.
Estimated effective dose was 0.152 mSv per procedure, with potential annual doses reaching 36.45 mSv for high-volume surgeons (240 procedures).

Conclusions:

Occupational radiation exposure during these procedures necessitates careful monitoring and protective strategies.
The effectiveness of shielding is geometry-dependent; local KAP-normalized dose audits are recommended.
Consideration of Category A classification for high-volume spine surgeons is supported by these findings.