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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage. When...
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...
Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice
06:07

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2021

Augmenting single-lead ECG interpretation through QRS waveform decomposition and rotation.

W Brian Chiu1, Faisal Amlani2, Derek Rinderknecht3

  • 1Ventric Health, 117 E. Colorado Blvd., Pasadena, California, 91105, United States.

Physiological Measurement
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method to rotate single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) QRS waveforms, improving morphological interpretation. This technique enhances diagnostic accuracy for conditions like left bundle branch block using wearable ECG data.

Keywords:
ECGLBBBQRSrotationsingle-lead

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Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
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Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation

Published on: October 20, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice
06:07

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2021

Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
09:05

Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation

Published on: October 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular diagnostics
  • Biomedical signal processing
  • Medical device technology

Background:

  • Single-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) from wearable devices are effective for rhythm analysis.
  • Morphological interpretation of ECGs typically requires multi-lead recordings.
  • Limitations exist in extracting detailed morphological information from single-lead ECGs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel methodology for rotating single-lead ECG QRS waveforms.
  • To estimate QRS waveforms from different viewpoints for enhanced morphological interpretation.
  • To improve the diagnostic utility of single-lead ECGs in wearable technology.

Main Methods:

  • A new technique rotates the QRS waveform of a single-lead ECG to simulate different viewpoints.
  • The method models the QRS loop as approximately planar, allowing projection analysis.
  • Rotation is achieved by adjusting the 'phase' component of the QRS waveform.

Main Results:

  • The methodology was validated on the PhysioNet PTB-XL database (224,871 single-lead ECGs).
  • Single-lead prediction of left bundle branch block (LBBB) using rotated QRS complexes showed significant improvements.
  • A 12.6% gain in positive predictive value and an 8.9% gain in F1 score were observed at high sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed QRS waveform rotation method effectively augments single-lead ECGs.
  • This technique provides more favorable viewpoints for morphological interpretation.
  • It enhances the potential of single-lead ECGs for complex cardiac condition diagnosis.