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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

Minor histocompatibility antigen TCR-T.

Elizabeth F Krakow1, Marie Bleakley1

  • 1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States.

Blood Advances
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHA) immunotherapy using T-cell receptors (TCR-T) shows promise in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). This approach targets residual cancer cells, improving relapse-free survival in high-risk patients.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain
08:48

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain

Published on: October 25, 2016

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHA) are key targets in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT).
  • Genetic variations between donor and recipient create MiHA, presented by HLA molecules.
  • Hematopoietic-restricted MiHA can selectively target residual malignant cells post-transplant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in engineering T cells with high-affinity MiHA-specific T-cell receptors (TCR-T) for immunotherapy.
  • To highlight the clinical translation and potential of MiHA-directed TCR-T therapy.
  • To propose strategies for accelerating the development and application of MiHA-TCR-T.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early-phase clinical trials involving HA-1 and HA-2-specific TCR-T therapies.
  • Analysis of the safety, persistence, and anti-leukemic activity of TCR-T cells.
  • Discussion of strategies for expanding MiHA targets and integrating MiHA genotyping.

Main Results:

  • Early-phase trials demonstrate the safety and persistence of MiHA-specific TCR-T cells.
  • Durable anti-leukemic activity was observed in patients with high-risk or relapsed disease.
  • MiHA-directed TCR-T therapy shows potential to enhance graft-versus-leukemia effects.

Conclusions:

  • MiHA-directed TCR-T immunotherapy is a promising adjunct for allo-HCT, offering genetically precise targeting.
  • Expansion of TCR-T development to additional MiHA targets and integration into clinical practice are crucial.
  • This approach holds potential to improve relapse-free survival and fortify anti-leukemic responses.