Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessing fitness to drive: Visual standards and general practitioner responsibilities.

Australian journal of general practice·2026
Same author

'Spots' the sign: Retinal detachment and vision loss prevention.

Australian journal of general practice·2026
Same author

Thyroid eye disease: Primary care recognition and referral.

Australian journal of general practice·2026
Same author

Ophthalmic trauma: First-line management in primary care.

Australian journal of general practice·2026
Same author

Age-related macular degeneration: Updates for general practitioners.

Australian journal of general practice·2026
Same author

Reply.

Ophthalmology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Glaucoma in general practice: An updated framework for Australian general practitioners.

Carl Eiselen1, Elaine W Chong2, Justin Tse3

  • 1BSc, MD, GDipSurgAnat, Clinical Research Fellow, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Honorary Clinical Research Fellow, Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.

Australian Journal of General Practice
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

General practitioners (GPs) can help prevent blindness by identifying glaucoma risk and red flags. Early detection and coordinated care with specialists are crucial for managing this optic neuropathy.

More Related Videos

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis
13:47

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: June 3, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis
13:47

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: June 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Primary Care Medicine

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a primary cause of irreversible blindness in Australia.
  • More than 50% of glaucoma cases remain undiagnosed.
  • General practitioners (GPs) are key to early glaucoma detection and care coordination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To offer GPs a practical framework for identifying glaucoma risk.
  • To guide GPs in recognizing urgent ("red-flag") presentations.
  • To support GPs in managing glaucoma through a review of guidelines and trials.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of contemporary guidelines.
  • Systematic review of relevant clinical trials.
  • Focus on primary care, referral pathways, and shared-care models.

Main Results:

  • Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy with modifiable intraocular pressure risk factor.
  • Acute angle-closure glaucoma necessitates same-day referral.
  • Most open-angle glaucoma is asymptomatic, found via opportunistic screening.

Conclusions:

  • Risk-based referral criteria and medication guidance are provided.
  • Timely referrals, treatment adherence, and shared care are vital.
  • Collaborative care with optometry and ophthalmology prevents vision loss.