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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials

Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials

Published on: March 9, 2017

Technology-driven revolution in CO₂ fixation: From natural pathways to programmable Biosystems.

Shurui Chen¹, Changyu Pi², Boyu Zhang²

¹Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.

Biotechnology Advances

|July 2, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced microbial systems offer efficient CO2 fixation beyond natural limits. Integrating synthetic biology, electrochemistry, and AI drives carbon negativity for sustainable biomanufacturing and global carbon neutrality.

Keywords:

Biohybrid systems CRISPR-Cas systems Carbon dioxide fixation Enzyme directed evolution Genome-scale metabolic modeling Metabolic engineering Negative carbon manufacturing

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Synthetic Biology
Environmental Science

Background:

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations pose a significant threat to climate stability.
Natural carbon fixation pathways, such as the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, are limited by low energy efficiency and enzymatic constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

To review technological advancements in CO2 fixation, particularly microbial conversion systems.
To explore the shift from optimizing natural pathways to designing novel synthetic routes for enhanced carbon fixation.

Main Methods:

Engineering native metabolic pathways and designing de novo synthetic routes (e.g., rGly, CETCH, THETA cycles).
Utilizing CRISPR-Cas systems for precise genetic engineering of microorganisms.
Developing biohybrid technologies like microbial electrosynthesis and semi-artificial photosynthesis.

Main Results:

Engineered and synthetic pathways exhibit superior thermodynamic and kinetic properties for CO2 conversion compared to natural pathways.
CRISPR-Cas systems enable metabolic rewiring, converting heterotrophic organisms into synthetic autotrophs.
Biohybrid systems efficiently convert CO2 into multicarbon compounds by integrating microbial processes with electrochemical and material science innovations.

Conclusions:

A paradigm shift is occurring from isolated pathway improvements to deeply integrated approaches combining metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, electrochemistry, and nanomaterials.
Artificial intelligence-aided design and modeling are crucial for optimizing these integrated systems.
Seamless integration of microbial capabilities, advanced materials, and AI is essential for achieving precision, high efficiency, and carbon negativity in CO2 fixation, supporting sustainable biomanufacturing and global carbon neutrality goals.