Development and evaluation of an online maternal-fetal interaction promotion program using a photo diary

This study aimed to develop a program to promote maternal-fetal interactions during pregnancy and to evaluate its effectiveness.

This study used a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 34 pregnant women at 16-28 weeks of gestation. The program was developed according to the five stages of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) instructional design model, based on Barnard's child health assessment interaction model. The maternal-fetal interaction promotion program consisted of five sessions of real-time, online photo-diary-based interventions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, the chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test.

The results showed significant differences in maternal-fetal interaction beliefs (z = 2.66, p = .007), maternal-fetal interaction (z = 2.63, p = .008), and happiness (z = 2.47, p = .012) between the experimental and control groups.

This study confirmed that a maternal-fetal interaction promotion program using a photo diary via interactive real-time videos can help pregnant women improve their maternal-fetal interaction beliefs, interactions, and happiness. This program contributes to the expansion of community nursing practices by providing online interventions for pregnant women.