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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy01:26

Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy is the increase in the size of individual cells, resulting in the enlargement of a tissue or organ. Unlike hyperplasia, which involves an increase in cell number, hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in cell volume. This process often occurs in response to higher functional demand or hormonal stimulation, leading to the production of more structural proteins and organelles, thereby enhancing the cells' work capacity.There are two primary types of hypertrophy: physiological...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Moderate Intensity Resistance Training With Partial Range-of-Motion at Long Muscle Lengths Elicits Similar

Gerard McMahon1, Christopher Morse2, Adrian Burden2

  • 1Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Moderate-intensity resistance training (RT) using partial range-of-motion (ROM) at long muscle lengths yields similar muscle hypertrophy and superior fascicle length adaptations compared to high-intensity full ROM training.

Keywords:
fasciclejoint-anglemechanicssarcomeregenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Muscle Biology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Resistance training (RT) induces muscle adaptations, but the influence of range-of-motion (ROM) intensity on these changes is not fully understood.
  • Muscle hypertrophy (MTH) and architectural adaptations like fascicle length (Lf) and pennation angle (PEN) may vary based on training ROM and intensity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the chronic effects of resistance training with different ranges-of-motion (ROM) and intensities on muscle thickness (MTH) and architecture.
  • To investigate adaptations in Vastus Lateralis muscle thickness, fascicle length (Lf), and pennation angle (PEN) across shortened partial ROM (SP), lengthened partial ROM (LP), and full ROM (FROM) training protocols.

Main Methods:

  • 45 subjects were randomized into four groups: SP (80% 1RM), LP (55% 1RM), FROM (80% 1RM), or control (CON) for 8 weeks of knee extensor exercise.
  • Vastus Lateralis MTH, PEN, and Lf were measured at multiple femur lengths pre- and post-training.
  • Changes were analyzed as delta (Δ) change percentage, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Main Results:

  • Greater ΔMTH was observed in LP and FROM groups compared to SP at 75% femur length.
  • LP and FROM groups showed greater ΔMTH than SP at different femur lengths, with no significant differences between LP and FROM.
  • LP and FROM groups demonstrated superior ΔLf adaptations compared to SP across all measured sites, with LP also showing greater ΔLf than FROM at specific sites.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate-intensity resistance training with partial ROM at long muscle lengths can elicit comparable muscle hypertrophy to high-intensity full ROM training.
  • Lengthened partial ROM training appears to promote superior fascicle length adaptations compared to both shortened partial ROM and full ROM training.
  • These findings suggest that RT prescription can be optimized by considering ROM and intensity to enhance muscle size and architecture, particularly for athletic performance.