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Related Concept Videos

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction01:29

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction

Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine that disrupts the normal flow of intestinal contents through the lumen. This interruption impairs digestion, absorption, and fluid balance, and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.Mechanical ObstructionMechanical obstruction occurs when a physical blockage prevents intestinal contents from passing, arising from within the lumen or the bowel wall, or from external compression.Adhesions,...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
08:40

Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis

Published on: September 22, 2019

Isolated jejunal tuberculosis presenting as chronic intestinal obstruction.

Supriya Adiody1, Joseph T K2, Vishnu Narayanan S3

  • 1Respiratory Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India adiodysupriya337@gmail.com.

BMJ Case Reports
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Isolated jejunal tuberculosis is rare but should be considered for unexplained small bowel strictures. Early diagnosis and treatment with standard antitubercular therapy lead to good clinical response, even with negative initial tests.

Keywords:
EndoscopyGastrointestinal surgerySmall intestineTuberculosis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
08:40

Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis

Published on: September 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Abdominal Surgery

Background:

  • Intestinal tuberculosis (TB) typically affects the ileo-caecal region.
  • Isolated jejunal TB without ileo-caecal or colonic involvement is exceptionally rare.
  • Small bowel obstruction can be a presenting feature of intestinal TB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of isolated jejunal tuberculosis presenting as small bowel obstruction.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering TB in endemic regions for unexplained small bowel strictures.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and treatment outcomes in such cases.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a woman in her early 60s with a 2-year history of vague abdominal symptoms.
  • Diagnostic workup included contrast-enhanced CT, enteroscopy, and ileo-colonoscopy.
  • Surgical intervention involved laparoscopy-assisted segmental jejunal resection.
  • Histopathology confirmed necrotising epithelioid granulomatous inflammation consistent with TB.
  • GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay was negative.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with symptoms suggestive of small bowel obstruction.
  • CT revealed a short-segment jejunal stricture.
  • Histopathology confirmed intestinal TB.
  • Despite a negative GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, standard antitubercular therapy was initiated.
  • The patient showed a good clinical response to treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated jejunal TB is a rare but important differential diagnosis for small bowel strictures, particularly in TB-endemic regions.
  • Diagnostic modalities like enteroscopy and histopathology are crucial for diagnosis.
  • Prompt initiation of antitubercular therapy can lead to favorable outcomes, even with negative molecular tests.