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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

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In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
09:36

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

Published on: May 8, 2015

Ultra flash cold events under global warming.

Yongli He1,2, Zhanbo Wang1, Xiaodan Guan3,4

  • 1Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.

Nature Communications
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global warming is causing flash cold events to decrease in Eurasia but intensify in North America. This divergence, driven by atmospheric circulation changes, poses a significant energy security risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Climatology
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Extreme Weather Events

Background:

  • Global warming is widely expected to reduce extreme cold.
  • However, flash cold (FC) events, characterized by sudden, severe temperature drops, continue to occur.
  • The 2021 North America freeze highlighted the significant risks posed by these events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diverging trends of ultra-FC events across Eurasia and North America.
  • To identify the underlying atmospheric dynamics driving these contrasting trends.
  • To assess the ability of current climate models to reproduce these phenomena and their associated risks.

Main Methods:

  • Tracking the spatiotemporal evolution of ultra-FC events.
  • Characterizing the dynamic atmospheric environment associated with these events.
  • Analyzing atmospheric circulation regimes, including anticyclonic and cyclonic anomalies.

Main Results:

  • Ultra-FC events are decreasing over Eurasia but intensifying over North America.
  • This divergence is linked to specific atmospheric circulation anomalies: increased Alaska-Arctic anticyclonic anomalies in North America and weakened Ural-Arctic cyclonic anomalies in Eurasia.
  • Current climate models fail to accurately reproduce these intercontinental divergence patterns and underestimate the associated risks.

Conclusions:

  • A regional warming paradox exists where specific atmospheric circulation anomalies can override background warming trends.
  • These anomalies create a critical blind spot in predicting and mitigating ultra-FC event risks, particularly for energy security in North America.
  • There is a need to improve climate models to capture these regional dynamics for more accurate extreme weather forecasting.