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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q in...
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells
09:34

Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells

Published on: December 10, 2016

Mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in lung diseases.

Yafang Zhang1,2,3, Hao Yan1,2,3, Xianzhi Peng1,2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.

Cell Death & Disease
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) link endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, crucial for lung injury. Understanding MAMs

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells
09:34

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Published on: December 10, 2016

Visualization and Quantification of Endogenous Intra-Organelle Protein Interactions at ER-Mitochondria Contact Sites by Proximity Ligation Assays
08:27

Visualization and Quantification of Endogenous Intra-Organelle Protein Interactions at ER-Mitochondria Contact Sites by Proximity Ligation Assays

Published on: October 20, 2023

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09:09

Split-Luciferase Reassembly Assay to Measure Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts in Live Cells

Published on: October 11, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Mechanisms

Background:

  • Lung diseases present complex challenges with limited treatments.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are key organelles in lung injury.
  • Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are vital for inter-organellar communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in lung injury.
  • To focus on the role of MAMs in lung injury pathogenesis.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting MAMs.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature.
  • Emphasis on molecular mechanisms of MAM dysfunction.
  • Discussion of recent research advances and future prospects.

Main Results:

  • Dysfunctional MAMs contribute to lung injury via Ca2+ signaling, oxidative stress, and altered homeostasis.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum stress (UPRER) and mitochondrial stress (UPRmt) are implicated.
  • Inter-organellar communication is critical for lung homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding MAMs offers insights into lung injury mechanisms.
  • Targeting MAMs presents potential therapeutic strategies for lung diseases.
  • Further research on MAMs can guide clinical translation for lung injury treatment.