[Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding physical restraints among nursing students: adaptation of...

Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding physical restraints among nursing students: adaptation of a questionnaire Abstract: Background: Physical restraints (PR) are used despite their negative consequences and application often doesn't adhere to clinical guideline recommendations. Knowledge and attitudes of nursing staff influence the frequency of PR use, making systematic engagement in education essential. To date, no German-language instrument exists to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding PR among nursing students. Aim: The aim was the translation, cultural adaptation, and content validation of an internationally established questionnaire for the German context. Methods: A suitable questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted according to the ISPOR guidelines. Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI), first through a two-step evaluation by an expert panel (n = 9), and subsequently by nursing students (n = 10) as part of the cognitive debriefing. Results: One item was removed from the original (37-item) questionnaire. In the final questionnaire (36 items), 35 items showed an I-CVI > 0.78. S-CVI/Ave values were 0.87 (Knowledge domain), 0.95 (Attitudes domain), 0.97 (Practice domain), and 0.92 for the entire questionnaire. Conclusions: A German-language questionnaire is now available for assessing the domains of knowledge, attitudes, and practice of PR among nursing students. Further studies on internal structure and internal consistency are recommended to enhance its robustness.