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Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

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Normal Fetal Growth and Development.

Beverly B Rogers¹, Teck Yee Khong²

¹Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Pediatric and Developmental Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society

|July 3, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies the most useful growth and development parameters for perinatal autopsies. It also highlights factors that can complicate their interpretation, aiding pathologists in distinguishing normal from pathological findings.

Keywords:

autopsy development growth measurement perinatal review

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Published on: June 29, 2013

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Area of Science:

Forensic Pathology
Pediatric Pathology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Growth and development charts, while seemingly straightforward, can be confusing or misleading during perinatal autopsies.
Postmortem growth charts are based on smaller datasets and can be confounded by factors like maceration and population differences.
Interpreting deviations from established norms in perinatal autopsies presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the most valuable growth and development parameters for perinatal autopsy examinations.
To identify complicating factors that hinder the accurate use of these parameters.
To provide guidance on selecting robust charts for perinatal examinations.

Main Methods:

Analysis of existing growth and development charts used in perinatal examinations.
Distillation of key weight, measurement, and developmental parameters relevant to general pathologists.
Literature review to support the selection and interpretation of growth parameters.

Main Results:

Identification of the most robust growth and development charts for perinatal autopsy use.
Description of essential weight, measurement, and developmental parameters.
Guidance provided for general pathologists on relevant data points.

Conclusions:

Growth and development charts are crucial tools in perinatal autopsies for differentiating normal from pathological conditions.
A focused review of key literature and parameters is essential for effective utilization of these charts.
Accurate interpretation of growth parameters aids in defining normalcy versus pathology in perinatal cases.