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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
12:45

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Published on: December 11, 2017

R1 Prognostic Significance of T-Wave Amplitude Variability for Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Yoshihiro Sobue1, Kazuya Takeda2, Mari Amino3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital Nagoya Japan.

Journal of Arrhythmia
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

T-wave amplitude variability (TAV) indicates repolarization instability. Elevated TAV is linked to increased cardiovascular risks, particularly mortality, in hazard ratio analyses, suggesting its value in risk stratification.

Keywords:
beat‐to‐beat variabilityelectrocardiographyrepolarization instabilityrisk stratificationsudden cardiac deathventricular arrhythmias

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
12:45

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Published on: December 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Risk Stratification

Background:

  • T-wave amplitude variability (TAV) is a measure of beat-to-beat ventricular repolarization instability.
  • Its potential as a risk marker for adverse cardiovascular outcomes requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively synthesize existing evidence on the association between elevated TAV and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
  • To evaluate the prognostic value of TAV in cardiovascular risk stratification.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library.
  • Inclusion of observational studies reporting adjusted effect estimates for TAV and cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Separate meta-analyses using hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs), with random-effects modeling and heterogeneity assessment (Q statistic, I²).

Main Results:

  • Seven studies with 1366 patients were included.
  • HR-based analyses (n=3) revealed a significant association between elevated TAV and increased risk of adverse outcomes, including mortality and ventricular tachyarrhythmias (pooled HR 2.51).
  • OR-based analyses showed no significant association with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, exhibiting substantial heterogeneity (categorical OR 3.82; continuous OR 1.11).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated TAV is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in HR-based analyses, supporting its role in longitudinal risk stratification.
  • The association between TAV and ventricular tachyarrhythmias was not significant in OR-based analyses, which were limited by heterogeneity.
  • Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD420251171782.